基于生態(tài)智慧的徐家寨山水林田空間保護(hù)設(shè)計研究
摘 要：文章通過對湖北省恩施州來鳳縣徐家寨的山勢格局、理水機(jī)制、林木資源、農(nóng)田耕地四個方面進(jìn)行探究，解析恩施地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)聚落的生態(tài)智慧要素構(gòu)成，旨在通過科學(xué)規(guī)劃與合理布局，實(shí)現(xiàn)傳統(tǒng)聚落自然生態(tài)資源的可持續(xù)利用與保護(hù)，促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)厣鐣?jīng)濟(jì)與生態(tài)環(huán)境的和諧共生。研究采用文獻(xiàn)分析、田野調(diào)查和實(shí)證研究等方法，深入探討在恩施土家族傳統(tǒng)聚落的景觀環(huán)境中，山、水、林、田空間格局蘊(yùn)含的生態(tài)智慧，以及其形成的內(nèi)在邏輯與形態(tài)表征。研究得出，徐家寨擁有豐富的山水林田資源，以及獨(dú)特的生態(tài)資源利用智慧，但面臨著資源碎片化、生態(tài)環(huán)境退化及開發(fā)利用不合理等問題。據(jù)此，提出科學(xué)修復(fù)山體、構(gòu)建生態(tài)水景、發(fā)展綠色林地產(chǎn)業(yè)、轉(zhuǎn)型農(nóng)旅融合鄉(xiāng)村等措施。以期有效保護(hù)自然生態(tài)資源，提升人居環(huán)境質(zhì)量，助力落實(shí)鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略，推動傳統(tǒng)聚落的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
關(guān)鍵詞：生態(tài)智慧；山水林田空間；聚落空間；保護(hù)設(shè)計
中圖分類號：TU984.18 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A 文章編號：1672-7053(2024)11-0070-04
基金項目：2022年湖北省高校哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)研究重大項目（湖北省社科基金前期資助項目）“土家族傳統(tǒng)聚落環(huán)境設(shè)施生態(tài)智慧的挖掘與創(chuàng)造性轉(zhuǎn)化”（22ZD040）
Abstract：By exploring the four aspects of mountain pattern, water management mechanism, forest resources and farmland cultivation in Xujiazhai, Laifeng County, Enshi Prefecture, Hubei Province, the study analyzes the composition of ecological wisdom elements of traditional settlements in Enshi region, aiming at realizing the sustainable use and protection of natural ecological resources of the traditional settlements and promoting the harmonious coexistence of the local socio-economics and ecological environment by means of scientific planning and reasonable layout. Literature analysis, field survey and empirical research are used to explore the ecological wisdom contained in the spatial pattern of mountains, water, forests and fields in the landscape environment of traditional Enshi Tujia settlements, as well as the internal logic and morphological characterization of their formation. The study concludes that Xujiazhai possesses rich mountain, water, forest and field resources as well as unique ecological resource utilization wisdom, but faces problems such as resource fragmentation, ecological environment degradation and irrational exploitation and utilization. Accordingly, measures such as scientific restoration of mountains, construction of ecological water features, development of green woodland industry, and transformation of agricultural and tourism integration are proposed, with a view to effectively protecting natural ecological resources, upgrading the quality of the human habitat, helping to implement the strategy of rural revitalization, and promoting the sustainable development of traditional settlements.
Key Words：Ecological Wisdom; Mountain-Water-Forest-Field Space; Settlement Space; Protected Design
